Review Session: Exam One

• Criticisms of the Big 5
• merely descriptive
• doesn't explain behaviors
• Traits/Types
• HOW are people different
• Type
• either one or the other
• friendly or not
• Trait
• varying dimensions
• little/extremely/just friendly
• Needs/Motives
• WHY people are different
• Nomothetic Approach (Cattell)
• set of traits that apply to everyone in same way
• Idiographic Approach (Allport)
• look at individual in depth and applies to just you uniquely
• uses
• Cardinal traits
• Central traits
• Secondary traits
• BIS/BAS Distinction
• BIS
• anxiety and impulsivity proneness
• avoidance approach
• brake
• BAS
• gas pedal
• reward approach
• dopamine plays important part in behavior
• Aggregation
• look at behavior in variety of situations
• Galen's 4 Temperament Humors
• Choleric
• Sanguine
• Melancholic
• Phlegmatic
• Implicit motive
• unconscious
• measure
• TAT projection
• Murray
• Self-attributed motive
• aware of it conscious of it
• Personology
• idiographic method of studying people
• Dynamic Interactionism
• Proactive
• choose situation
• Evocative
• presence unintentionally alters situation
• people just act differently when you're there
• Manipulation
• intentionally change situation
• act certain way
• Cattell
• bottom-up
• starts with evidence and work material and work to theory
• criticism
• overuse of factor analysis
• published too much
• Eysenck
• top-down
• start with theory and work forward
• Gray
• eysenck's introversion, extroversion
• Introversion = High BIS Low BAS
• Extroversion = High BAS Low BIS
• eysenck's stability, instability
• Instability = High BIS and BAS
• Stability = Low BIS and BAS
• Objective/Subjective Reality
• objective- how things really are = Alpha Press
• subjective- how you perceive them to be = Beta Press
• Neuroticism
• Amgydala = emotion center of brain
• Body Consciousness
• motive theory
• high = correlation between implicit and self attributed motives
• 3 Camps response to Mischel
• Defend Traits
• Situationism
• Dynamic Interactionism
• Aggregation
• used by Defend Traits group
• multiple choice exam
• one wrong question doesn't reflect your understanding of the material
• Factor Analysis
• statistical method of taking traits and condensing them into smaller groups
• used by
• Cattell
• Family Method vs Twin Method
• family- looked at family tree
• genetic link
• twins- MZ twins compared to DZ twins